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It’s common for ageing to bring some forgetfulness, such as misplacing items or taking longer to recall names. This is part of the normal ageing process.
Dementia, however, is different. It is a condition where memory, language, problem-solving, and thinking abilities decline severely enough to interfere with daily life. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia, which occurs due to damage to brain cells.
Forgetting names or details occasionally is part of normal ageing. But dementia causes severe memory loss—people may forget where they are, recent events, or daily routines such as eating or bathing. They may repeat the same questions, misplace objects in unusual places, or even accuse others of stealing.
Individuals with dementia struggle with everyday tasks they once managed easily—like shopping, cooking, driving, or handling finances. As the condition progresses, some may find it hard to manage essential activities such as bathing, grooming, dressing, or eating.
Dementia can cause disorientation about dates, seasons, or time. Some may experience hallucinations or become suspicious. Conversations may become difficult, leading to withdrawal from hobbies and social activities. Mood and personality changes are common, ranging from confusion and fear to depression and anxiety.
Communication becomes a challenge. A person may pause in the middle of a conversation and lose track, repeat themselves, or struggle to find the right words. They may call familiar objects by the wrong name, making daily interactions more difficult.
Decision-making and judgment often decline. This may show up in poor financial choices, neglect of grooming, or paying less attention to personal hygiene and safety.
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Dementia is a description of the state of a person’s mental function and not a specific disease.
Dementia entails a decline in mental function from a previously higher level that’s severe enough to interfere with daily living.
Dementia develops when the parts of your brain involved with learning, memory, decision-making or
language are affected by infections or diseases. The most common cause of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease.
Dementia is a description of the state of a person’s mental function and not a specific disease.
Dementia is an “umbrella category” describing mental decline that’s severe enough to interfere with daily living.
There are many underlying causes of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common underlying cause of dementia.
One common misbelief about memory loss is that it always means you or a loved one has dementia.
There are many causes of memory loss. Memory loss alone doesn’t necessarily confirm a diagnosis of dementia.
It’s also true that some memory changes are normal as a person ages (some neurons in your brain naturally die as we age). However, this type of memory loss isn’t functionally disabling; meaning, it doesn’t interfere with daily life.
Dementia interferes with your ability to function. Dementia isn’t forgetting where you left your keys.
A person with dementia can have situations like forgetting what keys are used for. Dementia isn’t a normal part of aging.
Dementia is considered a late-life disease because it tends to develop mostly in people who are older although there are also cases of early onset Dementia found in people below the age of 65.
About 5% to 8% of all people over the age of 65 have some form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years above that age. It’s estimated that as many as half of people 85 years of age and older have dementia.
Early symptoms of dementia include:
Signs that dementia is getting worse include:
These symptoms are general symptoms of dementia. Each person diagnosed with dementia has different symptoms, depending on what area of their brain is damaged. Additional symptoms and/or
unique symptoms occur with specific types of dementia
Dementias can be divided into three groups: